There is no cure for diabetes. It is believed that the goal of therapeutic measures is achieved when blood glucose levels are at normal levels, i. e. prevention of complications. Treatment includes diet therapy, exercise, drug therapy, and complication prevention.
Diet for diabetes is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps improve the condition and relieve symptoms. Yes, you need to radically review your diet and diet. Yes, you need to leave sweet and fatty. And yes, there will be many restrictions on your diet. Doesn’t the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread for the rest of your life inspire you? Don't be upset!
The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The main thing is to understand what you can and cannot eat.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a major supplier of energy. In diabetes, they should be 50-60% of the energy value of the diet. Foods that contain carbohydrates are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (easy) carbs. They are absorbed within 15-20 minutes after use and lead to an immediate increase in blood sugar. These are any sweets, starch, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice cereals. Their use should be abandoned.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits, berries. They can and should be eaten, but you need to control the amount strictly.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, reddish chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, carrots, radishes, cranberries, lemons, apples and plums can be eaten up to 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, swede, celery, sweet peppers, nuts, citrus fruits, cherry plums, pears, peaches, lingonberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, blueberries, sweet apple varieties are edible, but in limited quantities. From the diet, you should limit potatoes sharply and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes, and dried fruits.
Very important is dietary fiber, which is contained in plant foods that can lower blood sugar. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onions, garlic, oats, beans, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, green leafy salad and some other foods have hypoglycemic effects.
If the rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, the doctor will advise the best sugar substitute to use in each case and in what quantity.
Fat
The amount of animal fat is reduced in the diet. This is especially true of refractory fats of animal origin - goat, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You should not eat foods rich in cholesterol (heart, liver and other intestines). Preference should be given to the original vegetable fats that are easily digestible.
You can’t completely reject fats, without them you won’t get fat-soluble vitamins and omega-6 and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids. They should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
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Protein, as a rule, requires more than physiological norms. They balance the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fat and carbohydrates.
You should get about 20% of your calories from protein. At the same time, 55% of the total protein is animal protein.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, eggs, cottage cheese and other dairy products, as well as legumes and protein -specific SBCS products are recommended.
Nutritional guidelines for diabetes
- Forget fried, smoked and salted. Products need to be boiled, steamed, baked.
- The daily meal amount is divided into 5-6 servings. This promotes even absorption of carbohydrates and helps prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar. Breakfast should include 25%of the energy intensity of the diet, for lunch - 10-15%, for lunch - 25%, for afternoon tea - 5-10%, for dinner - 25%and for the second dinner -5- 10%.
- It is advisable to take food at the same time, strictly observing the diet. This is especially important in insulin -dependent diabetes.
- The calorie content of food should be almost the same every day.
- It is necessary to follow the drinking regime recommended by the doctor.
A sensible and balanced eating approach is fundamental to good health in diabetes. Don’t forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They will help you feel better and live longer.